To provide protocols and support for digital imagery, including seeds and seedlings,
for AOSA/SCST memberships.
| Johnny Zook Bureau of Plant Industry Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture 2301 North Cameron Street Harrisburg, PA 17110 Phone: 717.787.4894 Fax: 717.705.6518 Email: jzook@pa.gov |
Guidelines for taking photos of seedlings:
Download
– All photos need to be in a digital format.
§ Save the photos as BMP, RAW, or TIFF file types.
– The higher the resolution the easier it is to edit a photo without losing quality.
§ A 5 mega pixel camera or higher set to a ‘high’ setting would be desirable.
– Chose a file name that uses the scientific name of the seedling and delineates the file from other files. (i.e. Poa_annua_A, Poa_annua_B)
§ Included your initials at the end of the file name (i.e. Poa_annua_A_JBZ, Poa_annua_B_JBZ)
– Normal, Abnormal, Dead and Hard seedlings photos are needed.
§ Please take photos of species that would actually be used in your respective regions for the ‘Germination Exam.’
– Use the ‘Seedling Evaluation Handbook’ and try to match seedlings with the descriptions in the handbook. (Both drawings and written descriptions.)
§ Please indicate which seedling description you are matching the seedling photo to
– All seedlings need to be ‘ready’ for final evaluation.
§ For instance; in order for peanut “…seedlings to be classified as normal, the cotyledons must be split apart to verify that there are no serious epicotyl defects.”
§ Choose seedlings that can be evaluated without having to mechanically alter them. For example, peanut seedlings that seem intact should have cotyledons that are naturally opened enough to see and evaluate the epicotyl and true leaves.
– Use a moistened, blue blotter for your background.
§ It is not necessary to have the blue blotter fill the whole photo, but the seedling should be completely on the blotter.
§ Moisten, not saturate, the blue blotter. This will give the blotter a darker color and provide the necessary contrast for the photos. (A saturated blotter will cause a lot of glare.)
– When taking photos maintain a 90 degree angle to the plane of the seedling.
§ All photos should be taken from the same zoom/position.
§ A tripod or photo stand is a must.
§ Using the timer or a remote to take photos helps to reduce camera vibration.
– It is important to keep the entire seedling in the photo. (Roots, or any other part of the seedling, ‘running’ past the edge of the photo should be avoided.)
– Try to keep Normal, Abnormal, Dead and Hard seedlings to approximately the same scale.
– Try to keep the seedlings, within reason, free of glare and shadows.
– When taking photos of seedlings keep in mind that, you’re taking photos of “seedlings”
§ The subject may be Normal, Abnormal, Hard Seed or Dead…
§ …but they are all “seedlings” from the stand point of taking the photo.
§ A standard formula for taking photos of seedlings greatly reduces biasing the photo.
– When taking photos of seedlings it may not be possible to have the entire seedling ‘crisp and clear.’
§ To overcome this problem, take more than one photo under different conditions.
· For example, your first photo has the roots in focus and your second photo has the shoot in focus…
· …or the first photo has the upper side in focus and the second photo has the lower side in focus.
· You may need more than two photos to get all parts of the seedling in focus.
§ Then use Photoshop (or an equivalent program) to combine the photos to give one, completely in-focus, seedling.
· If you do not wish to do this part, send the source photos on CD or email them to Johnny Zook and he will combine them.
– The goal is to have a photo of an entire seedling with all its parts ‘crisp and clear.’
– Send Seedling photos on CD to:
Johnny Zook
PA Seed Lab
2301 North Cameron Street
Harrisburg, PA 17019
jzook@state.pa.us
Please feel free to contact Johnny Zook if you have any questions.
The guidelines are required protocol for taking photos of seedlings that will be submitted for the Virtual Germination Practical Exam.
Checklist for submitting Seedling Photos:
– Contact Michael Gerdes (michael.gerdes@syngenta.com) for a ‘Stage’ to place seeds on when taking photos.
– All photos need to be in a digital format.
§ Save the photos as BMP, RAW, or TIFF file types.
· If submitting photos by email, please resave them as a JPG before sending. (JPG should be saved at the maximum setting).
· If sending photos on a CD, save them to the CD in the BMP, RAW, or TIFF format.
– The higher the resolution the easier it is to edit a photo without losing quality.
§ A 5 mega pixel camera or higher set to a ‘high’ setting would be desirable.
– Chose a file name that uses the scientific name of the seed and delineates the file from other files. (i.e. Poa_annua_A, Poa_annua_B)
§ Included your initials at the end of the file name (i.e. Poa_annua_A_JBZ, Poa_annua_B_JBZ)
§ If using a microscope please include the magnification with the file name (i.e. Poa_annua_A_12x_JBZ, Poa_annua_B_12x_JBZ)
– Please use some type of millimeter scale along the bottom of the photo.
– When taking photos of more than one seed in the same photo, try to orientate them differently so that the lighting will accent different features of the seed.
– Make sure the seed does not overlap the scale. This will make it easier if any editing is needed.
– Seed photos should come from verified samples if possible.
§ If a seed cannot be located from a verified sample, please indicate which seed photos are from non-verified samples.
– Send seed photos to-
Scott Taylor
AMM Seed Testing
2064 Alameda Padre Serra
Suite 110
Santa Barbara, CA 93103
scott@ammseedtesting.com
Checklist for submitting Seed Photos:
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Alfalfa
Buckwheat
Cabbage
Corn
Cotton
Crownvetch
Kentucky Bluegrass
Lettuce
Onion
Pea
Peanut
Rice
Sorghum
Soybean
Squash
Sunflower
Sweet Clover
Tomato
Watermelon
Wheat
Zinnia
More photos of all kinds are needed, expect for watermelon. More seedling kinds are needed. (If a new seedling kind is being submitted for the exam a minimum of 10 seedlings is needed.)